Effects of blue led on melasma treatment: literature review

Abstract

Melasma is a dysfunction in the skin called chronic disorder that presents in irregular forms and brown pigmentation. These hyperchromias are usually seen on the face, neck, and front of the thorax. It occurs physiologically and affects in general pregnant, individuals who use contraceptives, and have genetic predisposition, nutritional deficiency, altered hormones, and especially those who are exposed to the sun. The treatment delays the proliferation of melanocytes, inhibiting and promoting the degradation of melanosomes. Among the treatment protocols, it is possible to associate phototherapy for therapeutic purposes, having as anti-inflammatory, analgesic and cicatrizing effects. Low-intensity light emitting diodes (LEDs) are noninvasive, produce high energy levels with low heat radiation, where light stimulation acts on cells and mitochondria, generating an increase in ATP synthesis, accelerating the cicatricial processes and skin rejuvenation. The mechanism of action of LED acts through the formation of the new collagen as inhibition of the activity of matrix metalloproteinase, the enzyme responsible for destroying it. The LED emits a monochromatic light, that is, it will always emit a single wavelength. LED treatment is done in a series of sessions to improve the signs of sun damage and dermal collagen stimulation. The present study was carried out based on the literature review of articles and books in databases such as Google Scholar, Scielo, Lilacs, and library of the Centro Universitário Hermínio Ometto. The objective of this work was to report the effects and efficacy of the use of blue LED in the treatment of melasma.