Keywords
HLA
Inflammation
How to Cite
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the relation between the inflammatory response and the presence of specific HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) on tumor response, no matter it is good or not. Our aim is to seek in the peer-reviewed literature the presence of types of HLA that could be pointed as genetic markers in order to detect tumors. The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) has been described according to its occurrence in human tumors. Loss or decrease of MHC-I expression in tumor cells represents an important tumor escape mechanism to the immune system. It is also stated that individuals who are heirs of HLA allelespecific can resist to certain kinds of tumors. The immune response generated by the presentation of tumor antigen to the MHC in association with acute inflammation may begin the process of metastasis and malignity of initial tumor cells. The wide variety of HLA as well as different responses in distinct organisms can generate a paradox related to tumor evolution. The presence of distinct types of HLA can be associated to different reactions related to the same tumor, depending on the immunogenetic profile. Even though the immune response role in eliminating tumor cells predetermined by the organism, the inflammation of tissue provides a favorable microenvironment to these cells development. In this case, vasodilation and leukocyte infiltration have an important role in trying to eliminate tumor cells, so it releases reactive oxygen and cytokines that affect endothelial cells in the local microenvironment, causing tumor development, invasion and metastasis. The methodology used consisted of accessing database, such as Scielo, PubMed, MEDLINE, Bireme and Biblioteca Virtual da FHO|Uniararas, seeking for literature published between 1970 and 2014. It was concluded that associations between the genetic profile of the individual and the generated immune response might completely remove the tumor or provide favorable conditions to tumor development, tumor growth and tumor progression.
References
ABBAS, A. K.; LICHTMAN, A.H.; PILLAI, S. Imunologia celular e molecular. 6. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier, 2012.
ALBERTS, B. et al. Biologia Molecular da Célula. 4. ed. Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2004. 1.549 p.
AMODIO, G.; ALBUQUERQUE, R. S.; GREGORI, S. New insights into HLA-G mediated tolerance. Tissue Antigens, v. 84, n. 3, p. 255-263, 2014. Disponível em: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/tan.12427/epdf. Acesso em: 16 set. 2015.
APTSIAURI, N.; GARCIA-LORA, A.; CABRERA, T. HLA Class I Expression in Human Cancer. Springer Briefs in Cancer Research, New York: Springer New York, v. 6, p. 13-30, 2013. Disponível em: http://goo.gl/901aho. Acesso em: 16 set. 2015.
ATSUMI, T. et al. Inflammation Amplifier, a New Paradigm in Cancer Biology. Cancer Research, v.74, n. 1, p. 8–14, 2014. Disponível em:
http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/74/1/8.full.pdf+html. Acesso em: 15 set. 2015.
BERTRAMS, J. et al. HL-A Antigens in Carcinoma of the Breast, Ovarium, Cervix and Endometrium: Possible Association of Haplotype HL-A 10-W18 with Carcinoma of the Breast. Institut fiir Med. Virologie und Immunologie und Frauenklinik, Universititsklinikum Essen (Gesamthochschule). Zeitschrift für Krebsforschung und Klinische Onkologie, v. 83, n. 3, p. 219-222, 1975.
BRADBURY, J. Human major histocompatibility complex sequenced. The Lancet, v. 354, n. 9.189, p. 1.531, out. 1999.
BRASIL. Ministério da Saúde. INCA – Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva. Estimativa 2014: Incidência de câncer no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: INCA, 2014. Disponível em: http://www.inca.gov.br/estimativa/2014/estimativa-24042014.pdf. Acesso em: 16 set. 2015.
BURNET, F. M. The concept of immunological surveillance. Progress in Experimental Tumor Research. v. 13, p. 1-27, 1970.
CAVALLO, F. et al. 2011: the immune hallmarks of cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother, v. 60, n. 3, p. 319-326, 2011. Disponível em:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3042096/. Acesso em: 15 set. 2015.
CHAMMAS, R. et al. Imunologia Clínica das Neoplasias. In: VOLTARELLI, J. C. et al. Imunologia Clínica na Prática Médica. São Paulo: Atheneu, 2009. (p. 447-460). Disponível em: http://www.direxlim.fm.usp.br/download/imuneo.pdf. Acesso em 15 set. 2015.
CHANG-MONTEAGUDO, A. et al. Evolución de la nomenclatura de los factores del sistema de antígenos leucocitarios humanos. Revista Cubana Hematol Inmunol Hemoter, Ciudad de la Habana, v. 30, n. 1, 2014. Disponível em: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0864-02892014000100003. Acesso em: 3 out. 2014.
CHAUDHURI, S. et al. Genetic susceptibility to breast cancer: HLADQB*03032 and HLA DRB1*11 may represent protective alleles. Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School. PNAS, Massachusetts, Harvard Medical School, v. 97, n. 21, 2000.
CHEN, C. J. et al. Identification of a key pathway required for the sterile inflammatory response triggered by dying cells. Nature Medicine, v. 13, n. 7, p. 851-856, 2007.
COELHO, E. G.; GUIMARÃES, G. C. Manual de diagnóstico e terapêutica em cirurgia oncológica. São Paulo: Editora Lemar, 2010.
COUSSENS, L. M. et al. MMP-9 Supplied by Bone Marrow–Derived Cells Contributes to Skin Carcinogenesis. Cell, v. 103, n. 3, p. 481-490, 2000.
DE-LEO-CERVANTES, C. Pruebas de Histocompatibilidad em el Programa de Trasplantes. Revista de Investigación Clínica, México, v. 57, n. 2, abr. 2005. Disponível em: http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-83762005000200006. Acesso em: 3 out. 2014.
DERHOVANESSIAN, E. et al. Lower proportion of naïve peripheral CD8+ T cells and an unopposed pro-inflammatory response to human Cytomegalovirus proteins in vitro are associated with longer survival in very elderly people. Age (Dordr), v. 35, n. 4, p. 1.387-1.399, ago. 2013. Publicação online: jun. 2012. Disponível em: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3705124. Acesso em: 15 set. 2015.
DIEDERICHSEN, A. et al. Prognostic value of the CD4+/CD8+ ratio of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes in colorectal cancer and HLA-DR expression on tumour cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother, New York, Springer-Verlag, v. 52, n. 7, p. 423–428, 2003.
DOUGAN, M.; DRANOFF, G. Immune therapy for cancer. Annual Review of Immunology, v. 27, p. 83-117, 2009.
DUNN, G. P.; OLD, L. J.; SCHREIBER, R. D. The immunobiology of cancer immunosurveillance and immunoediting. Immunity, v. 21, n. 2, p. 137 148, ago. 2004. Disponível em: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1074761304002092. Acesso em: 15 set. 2015.
FABRIS, A. et al. HLA-G 14 bp Deletion/Insertion Polymorphism in Celiac Disease. The American Journal of Gastroenterology. Nature Publishing Group, v. 106, p. 139-144, set. 2010. Disponível em: http://www.nature.com/ajg/journal/v106/n1/full/ajg2010340a.html. Acesso em: 15 set. 2015.
FERLAY, J. et al. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: Sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. International Journal of Cancer, Lyon, v. 136, n. 5, p. E359-E386, 2015. Publicação online: 2014. Disponível em: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ijc.29210/epdf. Acesso em: 15 set. 2015.
FINNBERG, N.; KLEIN-SZANTO, A. J. P.; ELDEIRYL, W. S. TRAU-R deficiency in mice promotes susceptibility to chronic inflammation and tumorigenesis. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, v. 118, n. 1, p. 111-123, jan. 2008. Disponível em: http://www.jci.org/articles/view/29900/pdf. Acesso em: 16 set. 2015.
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. Study Shines More Light On Benefit Of Vitamin D In Fighting Cancer. Science Daily, San Diego, ago. 2007. Disponível em: www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/08/070821163248.htm. Acesso em: 16 set. 2015.
GHAFFAR, A.; NAGARKATTI, M. (2010). Imunologia de Tumores. In: HUNT, R. C. (Editor). Microbiologia e Imunologia online. Escola de Medicina da Universidade de Carolina do Sul. Disponível em: http://www.microbiologybook.org/Portuguese/immuno-port-chapter18.htm. Acesso em: 16 set. 2015.
GIONGO, C. O. Caracterização imuno-genética de variantes dos genes CCR2, CCR5 e HLA-G como potenciais alvos para diagnóstico, prognóstico e tratamento do câncer de mama feminino esporádico e familial. 2012. Dissertação (Mestrado em Genética e Biologia Molecular) – Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 2012. Disponível em: https://www.lume.ufrgs.br/bitstream_id/273276/000891508.pdf. Acesso em: 16 set. 2015.
HANAHAN, D.; WEINBERG, R. Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation. Cell, v. 144, n. 5, p. 646-674, mar. 2011. Disponível em: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867411001279. Acesso em: 16 set. 2015.
KANEKO, K. et al. Clinical implication of HLA class I expression in breast cancer. BMC Cancer, v. 11, n. 454, out. 2011. Disponível em: http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2407-11-454.pdf. Acesso em: 16 set. 2015.
KIKUCHI E. et al. HLA class I antigen expression is associated with a favorable prognosis in early stage non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Science, v. 98, n. 9, p. 1.424-1.430, set. 2007. Disponível em: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1349-7006.2007.00558.x/epdf. Acesso em: 16 set. 2015.
KOTSAKIS, A. et al. A phase II trial evaluating the clinical and immunologic response of HLAA2+ non-small cell lung cancer patients vaccinated with an hTERT cryptic peptide. Lung Cancer, v. 86, n. 1, p. 59-66, ago. 2014. Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lungcan.2014.07.018. Acesso em: 15 out. 2014.
LAVADO-VALENZUELA, R. et al. MHC class I chain-related gene A transmembrane polymorphism in Spanish women with breast cancer. John Wiley & Sons A/S Tissue Antigens, v. 74, p. 46-49, 2009. Disponível em: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1399-0039.2009.01254.x/epdf. Acesso em: 16 set. 2015.
LOPES, A.; CHAMMAS, R.; IYEYASU, H. Oncologia para graduação. 3. ed. São Paulo: Editora Lemar, 2013.
MAGALHÃES, P.; BOHLKE, M.; NEUBARTH, F. Complexo Principal de Histocompatibilidade (MHC): codificação genética, bases estruturais e implicações clínicas, Revista de Medicina UCPEL, Pelotas, v. 2, n. 1, p. 54-59, jan./jun. 2004. Disponível em: http://xa.yimg.com/kq/groups/21831913/100666175/name/MHC+revis%C3%A3o.pdf. Acesso em: 16 set. 2015.
MALE D. et al. Immunology. 7. ed. Reino Unido: Elsevier, 2006. (cap. 3, p. 59-86). Disponível em: <http://goo.gl/tEFBFG>. Acesso em: 16 set. 2015.
MARINCOLA, M. et al. Escape of human solid tumors from T-cell recognition: molecular mechanisms and functional significance. Advances in Immunology, v. 74, p. 181-273, 2000.
MEYER, D.; THOMSON, G. How selection shapes variation of the human major histocompatibility complex: a review. Annals of Human Genetics, v. 65, n. 1, p. 1-26, 2001. Disponível em: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1469-1809.2001.6510001.x/epdf. Acesso: 16 set. 2015.
MONOS, D. S. et al. Identification of HLA-DQ and -DR Residues Associated With Susceptibility and Protection to Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Human Immunology, v. 66, n. 5, p. 554-562, 2005.
NISHIMURA, K. et al. Transcription of some PHO genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is regulated by spt7p. Yeast, v. 15, n. 16, p. 1.711-1.717, 1999. Disponível em: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0061(199912)15:16%3C1711::AID-YEA497%3E3.0.CO;2-8/epdf. Acesso em: 16 set. 2015.
PAULA, M. P. S. A. A influência dos alelos R e S no gene Slc11a1 na susceptibilidade à carcinogênese de pele induzida por 7, 12-Dimetilbenzantraceno. 2012. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências) – Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas da Universidade de São Paulo. Departamento de Imunologia. São Paulo, 2012. Disponível em: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42133/tde-18042013-102717/publico/MarianaPerlatiSAdePaula_Mestrado.pdf. Acesso em: 16 set. 2015.
PAULSON, K. G. et al. Downregulation of MHC-I expression is prevalent but reversible in Merkel cell carcinoma. Cancer Immunology Research, v. 2, n. 11, p. 1.071-1.079, nov. 2014.
PLATSOUCAS, C. D. et al. Immune responses to human tumors: development of tumor vaccines. Anticancer Research, v. 23, n. 3A, p. 1.969-1.996, maio/jun. 2003.
ROUSSEAU, P. et al. The 14 bp deletion-insertion polymorphism in the 3’UT region of the HLA-G gene influences HLA-G mRNA stability.Human Immunology, v. 64, n. 11, p. 1005–1010, nov. 2003.
SHANKARAN, V. et al. IFN-y e linfócitos impedir o desenvolvimento do tumor primário e moldar imunogenicidade tumor. Nature, v. 410, n. 6.832, p. 1.107-1.111, 2001.
TANIMINE, N. et al. Quantitative effect of natural killer cell licensing on hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after curative hepatectomy. Cancer Immunology Research, v. 2, n. 12, p. 1.142-1.147, 2014.
THOMPSON, P. et al. Differences in Meiotic Recombination Rates in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia at an MHC Class II Hotspot Close to Disease Associated Haplotypes. PLOS ONE, v. 9, n. 6, jun. 2014. Disponível em: http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/asset?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0100480.PDF. Acesso em: 16 set. 2015.
TROWSDALE, J.; KNIGHT, J. C. Major histocompatibility complex genomics and human disease. Annual Review Genomics and Human Genetics, v. 14, p. 301-323, 2013. Disponível em: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4426292. Acesso em: 16 set. 2015.
YE, S. et al. Human leukocyte antigen G expression: as a significant prognostic indicator for patients with colorectal cancer. Mod Pathol, v. 20, p. 375-383, 2007. Disponível em: http://www.nature.com/modpathol/journal/v20/n3/pdf/3800751a.pdf. Acesso em: 16 set. 2015.
ZITVOGEL, L.; TESNIERE, A.; KROEMER, G. Cancer despite immunosurveillance: immunoselection and immunosubversion.Nature Reviews Immunology, v. 6, n. 10, p. 715-727, 2006.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2015 Stephanie VON EYE e Silva; Flavia Lima Costa Faldoni; Carlos Roberto Escrivão Grignoli