Incidence os gestational diabetes mellitus accompanied by Univerty Hospital of Jundiai-SP

Abstract

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a chronic and progressive disease characterized by changes in insulin secretion, defined as any degree of hyperglycemia. DMG currently represents 90% of the cases of risky pregnancy, leading to a high rate of fetal morbidity and mortality. In the Public Health System of Brazil it is estimated that 7.6% of pregnant women with more than 20 years present the disease. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the incidence of DMG in the University Hospital (HU) of Jundiaí-SP, analyzing the main factors involved in the development of the disease, as well as maternal and fetal complications related to pathology. The research was carried out after approval by the Human Ethics Committee of Universidade Paulista UNIP, nº 987.858. A questionnaire of 17 questions was applied to 40 pregnant women from March to April 2015. The incidence of DMG was 12.5%, and the risk factors were: obesity, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), history of type I or type II Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in the family and old age. All the pregnant women interviewed were on a diet to control the disease and only one used oral antidiabetic medication. None of the pregnant women in the study presented hypertension, probably due to food control. The results indicate that the  incidence of DMG in the JU of Jundiaí-SP was higher than in the correlative literature. The early diagnosis of the disease is very important for a better control of the disease, avoiding complications such as hypertension. If all the patients performed an adequate treatment during the gestational period, keeping the blood glucose controlled, there would be no complications or even the evolution to the DM, maternal, after delivery.